In the tug-of-war between the states and Central government for cash to fight the coronavirus outbreak, liquor has become the latest battleground.
A well-known teetotaler, Modi banned alcohol sales during the country’s national lockdown to contain the virus, blocking a crucial source of direct tax income for states already struggling to ramp up health infrastructure and provide food to millions left jobless. The loss of liquor tax revenues — an estimated Rs 700 crore a day — have prompted calls from states like Punjab to lift the ban.
“Liquor is a major source of revenue for all states,” Amarinder Singh, Punjab’s Congress chief minister, said in a television interview last week. “How will I make up for that? Will the people in Delhi give it to me? They don’t even give 1 rupee.”
The fight over alcohol is among a series of recent moves in which the Central government has eroded the ability of states to raise the cash needed to handle the coronavirus, which has now led to over 31,000 infections and more than 1,000 deaths across the country. India’s constitution gives states the responsibility of delivering health care and ramping up its often decrepit hospital system to cope with a surge in demand.
Modi, a former chief minister himself, had long championed the idea of “cooperative federalism” and in his first term worked with states to roll out a nationwide sales tax. But his second term has seen greater conflict with state governments, particularly those led by opposition parties who have resisted several of his moves.
“It is the local governments that are fighting on the ground,” said Thomas Isaac, finance minister of Kerala, which has yet to receive its share of April taxes. “All funds have dried up. And there’s no way to really raise funds.”
States Hobbled
Apart from taxes on alcohol, the other sources of state governments’ revenue — duties on fuel and real estate transactions — have also dried up with the economy in shutdown mode. India’s tax shortfall could be as high as Rs 2.9 lakh crore this fiscal year, said M Govinda Rao, economist and former government adviser.
State leaders have also criticized plans to centralize the purchase of coronavirus medical and protective kits, as well as a special virus relief fund that falls outside the remit of Centre. The Prime Minister’s Citizen Assistance and Relief in Emergency Situations Fund, or PMCARES, raised Rs 6,500 crore in its first week, according to a report in The Print.
“What’s happening is not in the spirit of cooperative federalism,” Isaac said. “There’s no clarity on how the funds collected will be used.”
The PMO didn’t respond to an email seeking comments on how the fund would be utilized or audited. In announcing the creation of the fund, Modi said it was in response to requests from people to donate and said it would “strengthen disaster management capacities and encourage research on protecting citizens.”
The new fund includes attractive benefits not legally available to relief funds run by chief ministers: overseas contributions are allowed and large companies’ donations can count as part of the mandatory requirement to spend 2% of annual profit on public causes. Russia’s state-owned defense exports company Rosoboronexport committed $2 million to the fund, which is managed by a trust with Union ministers of home affairs, finance and defence as its members, The Hindu reported.
Reliance Industries contributed Rs 500 crore to PMCARES and Rs 5 crore each to Gujarat and Maharashtra. Groups including Vedanta, Aditya Birla and Adani announced contributions of more than $13 million to the federal fund.
The companies didn’t immediately respond to emails seeking comment.
Lockdown Criticisms
Modi drew criticism from some chief ministers for announcing a nationwide lockdown on television on March 24 with just four hours’ notice and without consulting state leaders. As work and wages dried up overnight, millions of migrant workers set off on foot from cities like Delhi and Mumbai for their homes hundreds of miles away.
The financial burden of this unprecedented migration, amid the already high costs of ramping up medical infrastructure, fell on unprepared states, which had to make arrangements to house and feed millions at a very short notice.
States are also facing delays in receiving their share of national sales tax. Punjab, home to 2.8 crore people, says it’s received very little from central disaster funds to fight Covid-19 and is still waiting for its share of sales taxes to help run state government machinery and pay salaries.
State governments in Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh have also expressed concern about the call to route purchases through the central government given the delays by state-run HLL Lifecare Ltd. in ramping up supplies in time. According to the Centre, HLL was asked to ramp up production after it found it tough to import the needed PPEs.
While the states say they would back plans to centralize procurement of medical equipment if it helps cut costs, they also want to be able to buy protective equipment through the open market where available.
“Both states and the Modi government need to set aside politics at this point in time,” said Ravindra Waikar, the minister coordinating relief efforts in Maharashtra.
Hamstrung Lawmakers
Modi’s government has also pulled away discretionary funds available to members of Parliament to spend on their constituencies for the next two years, upsetting opposition legislators. The move, announced along with a one-third salary cut for all lawmakers, was made to manage the ‘adverse impact’ of Covid-19, Prakash Javadekar, minister for information and broadcasting, told reporters on April 6.
The total amount is relatively small — Rs 7,840 crore, or roughly equal to half a week’s open market borrowings by the Central government. But it hobbles MPs’ ability to respond to both the virus and the economic troubles in their constituencies.
Shashi Tharoor from Congress has asked the government to take back its order.
Still, voters so far aren’t blaming Modi for gaining greater control over the flow of money and medical supplies. Even amid an economic slowdown that’s expected to worsen during the 40-day lockdown that ends May 4, Modi topped a global opinion poll of world leaders that rated their handling of the coronavirus pandemic.
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